The National Helium Reserve, also known as the Federal Helium Reserve, is a strategic reserve of the United States holding over 1 billion cubic meters (10⁹ m³) of helium gas. The helium is stored at the Cliffside Storage Facility about northwest of Amarillo, Texas, in a natural geologic gas storage formation, the Bush Dome reservoir. The reserve was established with the enactment of the Helium Act of 1925. The strategic supply provisioned the noble gas for airships, and in the 1950s became an important source of coolant during the

Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...

and Space Race. The facilities were located close to the

Hugoton Hugoton is a city in and the county seat of Stevens County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 3,747. History Settlers from McPherson, Kansas established a settlement in what was then west-central S ...

and other natural gas fields in southwest Kansas and the panhandle of Oklahoma, plus the Panhandle Field in Texas. These fields contain natural gas with unusually high percentages of helium—from 0.3% to 2.7%—and constitute the United States' largest helium source. The helium is separated as a byproduct from the produced natural gas. After the Helium Acts Amendments of 1960 (Public Law 86–666), the U.S. Bureau of Mines arranged for five private plants to recover helium from natural gas. For this helium conservation program, the Bureau built a pipeline from Bushton, Kansas, to connect those plants with the government's partially depleted Cliffside gas field. This helium-nitrogen mixture was injected and stored in the Cliffside gas field until needed, when it then was further purified. By 1995, a billion cubic metres of the gas had been collected, and the reserve was US$1.4 billion in debt, prompting Congress to begin phasing out the reserve in 1996. The resulting " Helium Privatization Act of 1996" (Public Law 104–273) directed the

Department of the Interior The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government headquartered at the Main Interior Building, located at 1849 C Street NW in Washington, D.C. It is responsible for the mana ...

to start selling off the reserve by 2005. By 2007, the federal government was reported as auctioning off the Amarillo Helium Plant. The National Helium Reserve itself was reported as "slowly being drawn down and sold to private industry." By early 2011, the facility was still in government hands. In May 2013, the House of Representatives voted to extend the life of the reserve under government control. In August 2019, the NPR show '' Planet Money'' described the history of the reserve and government policies that helped create a shortage of the gas.

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Federal Helium ProgramHelium, when will it run out?Responsible Helium Administration and Stewardship Act (H.R. 527) October 2013
* Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation: ** ** ** {{Coord, 35.352, N, 101.991, W, display=title 1925 establishments in the United States Buildings and structures in Potter County, Texas Helium Historic American Engineering Record in Texas Strategic reserves of the United States

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